878 Battle of Edington: King Alfred the Great of Wessex defeats the Danes, imposing peace

1430 The Burgundians capture Joan of Arc, for the English

1475 Battle of Neuss: The Burgundians defeat the Imperialists

1493 Peace of Senlis: The Holy Roman Emperor & the King of France arrange disposal of the territories of the Duchy of Burgundy

1533 King Henry VIII invalidates his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

1555 Giovanni Pietro Caraffa elected Pope as Paul IV (1555-1559)

1618 The Second Defenestration of Prague: initiates the Thirty Years' War

1660 King Charles II returns to England from exile in the Netherlands

1706 Battle of Ramillies: Marlborough defeats French

1809 Battle of Aspern-Essling, Day 2: Austrians draw with Napoleon

1859 Garibaldi and the 'Cacciatori del Alpi" occupy Varese and Sesto Calende, in Lombardy

1861 White Virginian men vote 3 to 1 for secession - a month after the state has already seceded

1862 Valley Campaign - Battle of Front Royal: Stonewall Jackson captures the town

1864 Battle of North Anna River/Totopotamy River/Haw's Shop/Hanovertown, Va: Three-day fight begins

1865 Grand Review of the Union Army begins in Washington, DC

1878 German ironclad 'Konig Wilhelm' rams & sinks ironclad 'Grosser Kurfurst'

1911 The New York Public Library opens its main building, on Fifth Avenue

1915 Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary

1928 Bomb attack on the Italian embassy in Buenos Aires, 22 die

1939 USS 'Squalus" (SS-192) sinks off Portsmouth, NH; 26 die, but 33 are rescued next day

1945 German island of Helgoland in the North Sea surrenders to the Royal Navy

1945 The Allies dissolve the "Dönitz Government," and abolish German sovereignty

1958 Mao Tse-tung starts "the Great Leap Forward" in China, millions die

1960 Israel announces the capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina

2014 Maniac goes berserk in Isla Vista, California, kills six by knife or gunfire and 13 are injured before he kills himself