509 BC Dedication of the Temple of Jupiter, Juno, & Minerva, on the Capitoline

45 BC Caesar writes his will, in which he adopts his grandnephew Gaius Octavius -- later known as Augustus

81 Domitian succeeds his brother Titus as Roman Emperor (81-96)

122 Construction begins on Hadrian's Wall

533 Battle of the Tenth Milestone/Ad Decimum: Belisarius crushes the Vandals near Carthage

604 Consecration of Pope Sabinianus (604-606)

1276 Pedro Julião (Petrus Juliani) elected Pope as John XXI [XX] (Sept 13, 1276-May 20, 1277)

1515 Battle of Marignano: Franco-Venetian victory over the Swiss

1625 Jerusalem: Moslem authorities arrest Isiah Horowitz & 15 other rabbis

1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: Wolfe defeats Montcalm, to secure Canada for Britain

1782 Siege of Gibraltar: The British beat off a "grand assault" by the French & Spanish

1814 British began an overnight bombardment of Fort McHenry, inspiring "The Star-Spangled Banner"

1847 US soldiers & marines storm Chapultepec Castle, Mexico City

1861 Skirmish at Booneville, Mo

1871 'Seven Days' War" begins, Britain's first peacetime maneuvers

1880 War of the Pacific: Chilean ships begin a two-day bombardment of Peruvian ports, during which, the Chilean 'Covadonga' is sunk by a Peruvian explosive boat; 20 die, 43 captured

1882 Britain invades Egypt to crush the Arabi Pasha "Revolution"

1940 The Mitsubishi "Zero" debuts over Chungking; Japan 26, China 0.

1942 German forces attack Stalingrad

1942 Guadalcanal: Bloody Ridge - Marines probe the Japanese positions.

1943 Chiang Kai-shek becomes president of China

1943 German counter-attack at Salerno

1944 Palau Is: USN pounds Peleliu

1961 Battles between UN & Katangan troops in Congo

1971 New York National Guardsmen storm Attica Correctional Facility, to end 4-day uprising; 32 prisoners, 9 guards die

1978 Maiden flight of the McDonnell Douglas F-18A Hornet

1990 Iraqi troops storm the residence of the French ambassador in Kuwait

1999 Islamist terror bombing in Moscow, c. 120 killed